Under the system the cytoplasm is differentiated into ectoplasm ana endoplasm

 Under the system the cytoplasm is differentiated into ectoplasm ana endoplasmic

 Below the system the cytoplasm is differentiated into the ectoplasm ana endoplasm and the protozoa are triangular in shape. Internally the endoplasm contains starch granules, chromoplast nucleus, annular and sulcal flagella.  Many species are holophytic containing chromophores that are green in freshwater and yellow or brown in saltwater. Nutrition is holozoic. 

Many species are bioluminescent. Reproduction occurs by fission, which is interesting because they form interlocking chains by apical and posterior processes. Cysts are also formed

 Superclass: Opalinata Cilia like organelles in oblique rows.  Nuclei multiple monomorphic.  eg.  Opalina subphylum III sporozoa exclusively endoparasitic.  Locomotive organelles absent. Class : Telosporia - Formation of spores. Subtle and Megagamt eg.  Plasmodium Example: Plasmodium mitochondrion pellicle nucleus paired organelle microtubules of pellicle apical cap convoluted tubules micropyle Fig.

 The system body is vase-like, cylindrical, and tubular, cushion-shaped, manifold, etc.  Radial symmetry or no symmetry.  The body wall consists of the outer pinoderm, the inner choenoderm gelatinous non-cellular mesenchyme.  The body has many pores (ostia), canals and chambers for the flow of water.  One or more water leaks out or the presence of the oscula proges canal system.  The presence of koanocytes or ligated collar cells is a feature of this phylum.  Skeleton of calcareous or siliceous spicules or horny sponge fibers.

 Digestion intracellular.  No respiratory or excretory organs.  Bisexual.  Cross fertilization is seen.  Asexual reproduction by buds or gums and sex reproduction by eggs and sperm.  High regeneration power. Cleavage holoblastic.  development indirect.  The larval amphiblastula and the parenchyme phylum Porifera are mainly divided into three classes based on the nature of the skeleton they possess.  Phylum: Porifera Class Calcarea Hexactanellida Demospongiae.

 Class I: Calcarea (L. calcareus = skeleton of calcareous spicules. Body asconoid, syconoid or leuconoid. Like leucosolenia Example: Eucosolenia 'inhalant oscula ostia oscular fringe- osculum vertical tube or cylinder tri-radiate spicules Vase-shaped individual horizontal tube or  Stolen Vase.  Substrate Adhesive Disc Substrate Horizontal Branches Fig. Leucosolenia A.

 Colony B.  Part of the colony is marine colonial sponges found in shallow water below tidal marks on sea cliffs, with rapid wave action of the water.  The colony is composed of clusters of white vertical cylinders and tubes 25 mm long.  The osculum is distal to the tubes perpendicular to the colony.  They are joined together by horizontal tubes at the base.  

The surface of the body is perforated with numerous pores or ostia or interstitial pores.  Magnified portion of the colony shows habitat-shaped individuals , inhalant ostia, tri-radiating spicules and horizontal branches attached to the substrate. Simplest sponge with ostia?  Spongokol? Osculum system of water flow. The canal system is the simplest of the Ascon type. The osculum is surrounded by the ocular fringe.